V. K. Seth , K. P. Tiwari

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V. K. Seth , K. P. Tiwari

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The paper highlights the results of the socio-economic survey of Forest
labourers carried out in Kesla and Rampur-Bhatodi sub.projects under MPSFLC.
The employment of forest labourers 50 far has been of a casual nature which
has resulted in per capita low productivity A clasiification of forest labourers
into six distinct units namely Tribal and non-tribal forest villagers. Tribal
and non-tribal permenent Camp labourers. Tribal ane Don-tribal Temporary
Camp labourers was found to be culturally. Socially and economically significant,
A comprehensive sociological and economic analysis on Inheritance, Family
structure, Sustenance and Nutrition Health and Education, Attitude towards
Forest Works, Skill and Productivity and income and Expenditure Pattern bas
provided insight into the problems of low productivity and poor economic status of three labourers.

MPSFDC has emerged as a big change agent by providing increased level
of activity, diversity of employment throughcut the year, a chain of labour
welfare activities like housing, medical, education, grain shep vocational training
and innovative methods of work for specialization in forest works which has
broken the vicious cycle of low income and low produoivity amongst the forest
Lobourers. These measures have produced a positive response in the labour
force employed by the Corporation and have brought the staff and labour closer
together in the stupendous task of forestry development. It could be said that
for the first time forest Labour is coming to be recognisied as an integral and
important part of the system. The ideas and innovations being tried in MPSFDC
are not only worthwhile, but they are also timely. This is the way to achieve
growth with social justice and other organisation could emulate the work of
MPSFDC.

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K. P. Tiwari , V. Parthasarthy

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Tree and Stand aerial volume tables for Sal (Sharea robusta) were prepared on 1:10,000 Panchromatic aerial photographs of Timli Block in Doon Valley covering an area of nearly 5000 ha. Data for 153 trees for tree aerial volume table and 51 plots for stand aerial volume table was collected from aerial photographs as well as from the ground. For Tree aerial volume table an array of independent variables namely photo tree height, photo crown diameter, ground height and ground dbla along with their transformation were tested with tree volume as dependent variable. It was Found that Photo height² X Photo crown diameter eplained 51.95% of variation in tree volume with a standard error of estimate of 58.6%. Similarly for stand aerial volume table photo stand height, Average crown diameter, Crown closure percent, crown count along with their ground counterpart and transformations were tested against the dependent variable stand volume. It was found that a combination of photo height, crown clsure, average crown diameter, explained 49% of variation in stand volume with the standard error of estimate of 25.72%. The usefulness of aerial volume tables in the context of forest inventory have been highlighted.

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K. P. Tiwari , V. Parthasarthy

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Tree and Stand Aerial Volume Tables for Sal (Shorea robusta) were prepared on 1:10,000 Panchromatic aerial photographs of Timli Block in Doon Valley. It was found that Photo height ² × Crown diameter explained 51.95% of variation in tree volume with a standart error of estimate of 58.6%. Similarly the combi-nation of variables Photo height + Crown closure, Average crown diameter explained 49% of variation in Stand volume with a standard error of estimate of 25.72%. the usefulness of aerial volume tables in the context of forest inventory have been highlighted.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Evaluation of effective mapping unit through a rational classification system and its accurate delineation are essential for an effective forest map. The paper describes the concept of evolving a suitable classification system and defining mapping units with its delineatoin through the use of medium scale Panchromatic aerial photographs for a forest area in Tehri Garhwal Himalayas. Comparative evaluation with the conventional ground stock map shows again upto two times in cost along with the increased effectivity.

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K. P. Tiwari

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An investigation to assess the suitability of sampling design for timber eatimates by volume, basal area and tree count was made with systematic sampling with interpenetrating sampling units, regression method of estimation and stratified sampling with stratification done on black and white panchromatic serial photographs on 1 : 10,000 scale. It was found that last one gave most precise results. The S.E. % of stratified sampling was nearly half of that of the other two sampling Aerial photographs thus provide an unique opportunity of atratification to improve timber estimates.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Basic data to plan resources survey are obtained through pilot surveys. Such datas may be regarding terrain, accessibility, extent and Dature of the forest, range and variability of volume for stratified satnpling designs. In pilot survey of Karirnnagar district (AP) aerial photographs on 1 : 40,000 scale were used, and forest area classified on the basis of species, height and crown closure. Mean volume per hectare in each forest type was obtained from the ground. Ten strata were grouped into three strata on the basis of Duncan's multiple range teat aDd nDge variability and basic of volume stratification envolved for further surveys.

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K. P. Tiwari , V. Parthasarathy

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An investigation with three different methods namely Distance method, Fixed plot and Point sampling method for the estimation of basal area and tree count was made in Sal (Snorea robusta) forests of Doon Valley. The population consisted of Sal trees of 20 cm dhh and above. In distance methods the distance upto 6th to 10th tree from a systematically selected sample point was taken as plot size as against 0.1 ha fixed plot size. The results show that 10th tree method and point sampling method are suitable for such moderately clustered populations.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Landuse information on macro as well as micro level is a pre-requisite for regional development planning. Land use concept Indian conditions requires a specific approach as not only the different landuse units are highly intermixed but also are highly interactive. The dynamic nature of landuse requires monitoring at less intervals of time Landsat imagery has the capability of imaging large area of land (one frame covers 100 n. miles × 100 n. miles) every 18 days. With proper evaluation techniques, it is possible to recognise macro landuse units and patterns of their distribution including interrelationships. For regional planning the approach adopted in this paper consists of first level classification by broad regional land form units followed by a second level of landuse association units, Third level land use units consist of basic landuse information. statistical significance of the first two levels of classification indicate an efficiency of 126% to 185% for different landuse units indicating useful contribution of landsat imagery for regional planning.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Information on area of various forest type is usually the most wanted information for forest inventories and management planning. Besides showing the spatial distribution of forest types, aerial photographs are very useful in getting area information quickly and cheaply by plot or transect sampling devices. Delineation of various forest types based on floristic composition of top canopy and management practices was carried out in West Dehra Dun Division inside the effective area of each photograph after preparing photo interpretation key based on one day's reconnaissance. Four strata were recognised namely Plain Sal, Hill Sal, Miscellaneous and Non-forest including blanks and river beds. Assuming a precision of ±5% (¯S×j=±5%) for the smallest of the major stratum (Hill Sal forest type) the proportion of various forest types was obtained through dot grid sampling using .5 cm spaced dot grid. Area proportions so obtained were adjusted, for misinterpretation and scale variation after 1% ground check. The adjusted proportions, adjusted area and their errors were worked out. Forest type map on 1-15840 scale was obtained.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Investigation for basal area, volume and tree count estimates was carried out in Sal forests of East and West Debra Dun Division separately and were compared with estimates from 0.1 hectare circular fixed plot sampling. No significant difference between basal area and volume estimates was obtained at 0.05 level while tree count estimates were not significantly different at 0.01 level. The point sampling method for population above 10 cm d.b.h. was more precise while plot sampling was more precise in population above 20 cm d.b.h. for the same number of plots. Efficiency of point sampling with time factor was much more. Use of point sampling method in forest inventories is suggested.

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K. P. Tiwari

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Tree species identification on large scale (1:5,000) black and white aerial photographs at New Forest have been attempted. A dichotomous photo-interpretation key for twenty two species occurring in the area have been prepared and a comparison with the identification on medium scale (1:20,000) have been made. The necessity and usefulness of such detailed studies on tree species identification along with the evaluation of reflectance properties of tree species at age and different time of the year have been suggested for forest inventory purposes.

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K. P. Tiwari , V. Parthasarathy

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Investigations on optimum plot size for tropical dry deciduous forests of East Karimnagar Division Andhra Pradesh was undertaken with three circular plot sixes of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ha on 38 plots in each case. Basal area, volume and tree count were obtained for all the three plot sizes and the SE % were compared. It was found that 0.1 ha circular plot size is optimum from all considerations and is recommended for use in similar forest types for forest inventory purposes.

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K. P. Tiwari

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False colour composites (band 4,5,7) from ERTS-I MSS data were interpreted by conventional methods for forestry purposes of an area falling between 28 ° 30' to 30 °30' N latitude and 77 ° 30' to 80 °00' E longitude. Topography, drainage pattern, waterbodies, forest and non-forest areas could be separated out by colour differences. Three different shades in red colour namely dark red, brownish red and pink accounted respectively for Sal forest, Conifers and Eucalyptus and other broadleaved vegetation. Forest area was compared with one million scale topographical maps obtained by reduction of 1:250,000 maps. No significant difference was found. Usefulness of ERTS-I MSS imageries for resource evaluation along with future scope and suggestions have been highlighted.

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